If pregnant women experience thiamine deficiency (vitamin B1), the mother is at risk of developing beriberi. If not treated immediately, maternal and fetal safety can be threatened.
Beriberi is a health disorder caused by a lack of vitamin B1. There are two types of beri-beri disease, namely wet beri-beri that attacks the heart and circulatory system, and dry beriberi that causes nerve and muscle disorders.
Give-Give Disease in Pregnancy
Beriberi can be prevented by fulfilling the need for vitamin B1 or thiamine. This material is generally found in the fiber layer in rice grains which are often thrown away when processed into white rice ready for cooking. That is why, vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency generally occurs in developing countries whose citizens like to eat processed rice.
Vitamin B1 or thiamine is also very important for pregnant women and fetuses in the womb. In addition to allowing the mother's body and the fetus to convert carbohydrates into energy, thiamine is important in the development of the brain, nervous system, muscles and fetal heart.
Signs of thiamine deficiency in pregnant women are actually very common, such as fatigue, nausea, and headaches. However, a very severe level of vitamin B1 deficiency can cause beriberi. The characteristics are as follows:
Difficulty talking and walking.
Numbness of hands and feet.
The lower limbs are paralyzed because the muscles do not function.
Confusion (mental confusion).
Shortness of breath when on the move.
Heart rate increases.
Tingling.
Swelling in the legs.
Memory disorder.
The eyelids go down.
The eyes move abnormally.
Beriberi can also occur in infants who are breastfeeding, if the mother turns out to be deficient in thiamine. Meanwhile, babies who consume formula milk, can also experience beriberi if the milk content does not contain enough vitamin B1.
Adequate Tiamin Needs
Pregnant women and nursing mothers generally need at least 1.4 milligrams of thiamine per day. This vitamin can be obtained by eating the following foods:
Whole grains (eg whole wheat, brown rice, and oatmeal) or products that contain whole grains.
Pasta.
Trout and tuna.
Egg
Beef.
Nuts.
Vegetables and fruits.
To meet thiamine needs, here is an illustration of some food ingredients along with the amount of thiamine in them:
About 200 grams of white rice fortified with B vitamins contains 1.2 milligrams.
About 90 grams of whole grain cereal contains 1.5 milligrams.
Eggs or noodles made from eggs contain 0.5 milligrams.
3 thin slices of salmon containing 0.3 milligrams.
About 75 grams of cooked peas contain 0.2 milligrams.
If you are worried about not being able to meet this need from food, a pregnancy supplement given by a doctor can help fulfill this need.
Risk of Causing Serious Complications
Another possibility of lack of thiamine as a cause of beriberi can also occur in people who like to consume liquor. Alcohol content causes the body difficulty absorbing thiamine. In some very rare cases, beriberi is also hereditary.
Patients with hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid gland, diarrhea that does not subside, HIV / AIDS, and who undergo dialysis, are also at risk of developing beriberi. If not treated immediately, the disease is at risk of causing more severe complications, such as Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome, coma, psychosis, heart failure, even death.
To detect thiamine deficiency, the doctor will perform a physical examination plus blood tests and urine tests to assess the level of vitamin B1 in the body. If proven to be deficient in vitamin B1, one of the treatments is by giving thiamine supplements, either orally or injected.
Vitamin B1 Deficiency, Pregnant Women at Risk of Give-Give Disease
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Reviewed by Mysterio
on
September 05, 2018
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